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Exam 8: Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

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Question 61

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The addition of stimuli arriving in rapid succession to produce an action potential is called ________.

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verified

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Question 62

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Information coming into the central nervous system is transmitted along ________ neurons.

A) afferent
B) sensory
C) efferent
D) afferent and sensory
E) sensory and efferent

F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

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Question 63

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Choose all of the items that are incorrectly matched.

Microvilli are present on cells that, because of their function, benefit from an increased membrane surface area.Which structure(s) on a neuron provide a comparable benefit?

We have finally discovered life on Venus.NASA scientists are investigating a newly discovered life form: a single-celled organism found in the swampy canals.You have been contracted by NASA to perform an electrophysiology study.Using intracellular electrodes to measure the electrical charge inside the cell, you find it has a resting membrane potential of -45 mV when the outside fluid is arbitrarily set to 0 mV.Additionally, you have determined ion concentrations and listed them below. $\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline \begin{array} { l } { [ ]\text { in } } \\\text { mOsm/L }\end{array} & \text { Cell } & \text { Swamp } \\\hline \mathrm { K } ^ { + } & 5 & 150 \\\hline \mathrm { Na } ^ { + } & 15 & 175 \\\hline \mathrm { Cl } - & 40 & 40 \\\hline\end{array}$ For fun, you have used new molecular biology techniques to insert protein channels into the cell membrane that allow only Na? and Cl? to pass.Predict which ion(s)will move.Tell what direction it (they)will move and what force(s)is/are acting on it (them).

The neurotransmitter thought to be involved in learning and memory is

Graded potentials that arrive at postsynaptic neurons are called ________ if they make that cell more likely to fire.

Presynaptic facilitation makes a pathway

What is the trigger zone? Where is the trigger zone found in efferent, afferent, and interneurons? Do the terms trigger zone and axon hillock have the same meaning? Explain.

In response to binding a neurotransmitter, a postsynaptic cell can

When comparing action potentials to graded potentials, an/two important distinguishing characteristic/s is/are

Which of the following is the most common location where action potentials originate?

You and your lab partner have prepared a frog nerve for gathering data on action potentials.You connect an electronic stimulator to the nerve and ask your partner to gradually increase the voltage until you see an action potential.Your partner says that the voltage knob is stuck, that is, it will not increase the voltage.Is there another way to trigger action potentials using this stimulator? If so, what do you tell your partner to do?

Match the part of the neuron to its description (answers may be used more than once) . -receive(s) most of the incoming synapses

Match the type of signal to its description (answers may be used more than once) . -may be hyperpolarizing

The falling phase of the action potential is due primarily to

The disease rabies is caused by a virus that attacks the central nervous system.The virus is normally introduced when an infected animal bites another, breaking the surface of the skin and allowing the entry of saliva containing the virus.Since the virus cannot move by itself, how does it get to neurons in the central nervous system?

The collection of axons that carries information between the central nervous system and the peripheral effectors is called the

The absolute refractory period is important in unidirectional propagation of action potentials.

How do the following relate to nervous system development and/or healing? Synaptic plasticity, neuroglia, neurotrophic factors.