Question 1

The reappearance of an extinguished response is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

spontaneou...

Question 2

When Lindsay was nine years old, the neighbor's Chihuahua bit her on the ankle. Today, Lindsay is still terrified of Chihuahuas, but she likes almost all other types of dogs. Lindsay's fear illustrates the classical conditioning process of

Accepted Answer

A)  preparedness.
B)  stimulus discrimination.
C)  stimulus generalization.
D)  negative avoidance.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Brenda has learned to take an over-the-counter medication 30 minutes before she eats a spicy meal. When she does this, she is able to prevent the heartburn and indigestion that she would experience otherwise. This is an example of ​

Accepted Answer

A)  escape learning.
B)  positive reinforcement.
C)  classical conditioning.
D)  avoidance learning.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Observational learning occurs when an organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others, who are called _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Observational learning occurs when an organism's responding...

Question 5

According to Skinner, a stimulus is a reinforcer if it

Accepted Answer

A)  reduces a biological need.
B)  induces a biological need.
C)  increases the tendency to make a particular response.
D)  decreases the tendency to make a particular response.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as ​

Accepted Answer

A)  insight learning.
B)  latent learning.
C)  classical conditioning.
D)  operant conditioning.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 7

What are stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination? Why are they important?

Accepted Answer

In both classical and operant conditioni...

Question 8

When a rat presses a lever, the mild electric shock on the cage floor is turned off. Which of the following procedures is being used?

Accepted Answer

A)  Punishment
B)  E scape learning
C)  D iscrimination training
D)  AvoidanceE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 9

According to Albert Bandura, expectations concerning reinforcement primarily influence the probability of an individual ​

Accepted Answer

A)  initially acquiring or learning a new behavior.
B)  actually performing a behavior that has been learned.
C)  initially attending to the behavior of another person.
D)  accurately retaining information about a behavior.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

When advertisers pair their products with attractive people or enjoyable surroundings in the hope that the pairings will cause their products to evoke good feelings, they are using principles derived from ​

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. ​
B)  state-dependent learning.
C)  observational learning.
D)  operant conditioning.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

Typically, most people

Accepted Answer

A)  enjoy being negatively reinforced or punished.
B)  dislike being negatively reinforced or punished.
C)  enjoy being negatively reinforced and dislike being punished.
D)  enjoy being punished and dislike being negatively reinforced.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 12

Tolman's research on rats learning mazes challenged operant conditioning principles by demonstrating that rats developed _____ when they learned a maze.

Accepted Answer

A)  superstitious behavior
B)  negative reinforcement
C)  cognitive maps
D)  extinctionE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Nicolas has autistic disorder and is mute. A therapist working with Nicolas initially gave him a piece of chocolate any time he made a sound with his lips. This slowly changed until Nicolas only received a piece of chocolate for saying complete words, and eventually only for saying complete sentences. In this example, Nicolas developed speech skills through the use of ​

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning.
B)  modeling.
C)  shaping.
D)  negative reinforcement.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 14

The initial stage of learning a response is called ​

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction. ​
B)  contiguity.
C)  acquisition.
D)  conditioning.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Application of conditioning principles to change behavior problems is generally known as ​

Accepted Answer

A)  behavior modification.
B)  cognitive engineering.
C)  modeling.
D)  insight training.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to

Accepted Answer

A)  stay comfortable in unfamiliar situations.
B)  play baseball.
C)  work hard in school.
D)  feel happy when exposed to a certain smell.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Chimps are trained to perform a variety of tasks to get coins. The coins could then be traded in for banana chips that could be eaten. The coins served as a  _____ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary
B)  negative
C)  secondary
D)  partialE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 18

Learning to ride a bicycle is MOST likely acquired via the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning.
B)  shaping.
C)  spontaneous recovery.
D)  innate stimulus release.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Six-year-old Kristen is afraid of balloons because a balloon once popped in her face while she was holding it. Last week, she went to the circus and there was a clown holding a huge assortment of helium balloons. Now she is also afraid of clowns, even though none of the balloons the clown was holding popped. Kristen's fear of clowns illustrates the classical conditioning process of ​

Accepted Answer

A)  higher-order conditioning. ​
B)  preparedness.
C)  spontaneous recovery.
D)  the renewal effect.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

Studies of response-outcome relations and reinforcement have found that ​

Accepted Answer

A)  operant behavior is automatically strengthened when it is followed by desirable consequences.
B)  people actively reason out the relations between responses and the outcomes that follow.
C)  there are species-specific predispositions to form certain types of associations.
D)  on concurrent schedules of reinforcement, organisms emit responses that maximize the total number of reinforcers they will receive.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Exam 6: Learning

The initial stage of learning a response is called

Correct Answer
verified

Application of conditioning principles to change behavior problems is generally known as

Correct Answer
verified

According to Skinner, a stimulus is a reinforcer if it

Correct Answer
verified

According to Albert Bandura, expectations concerning reinforcement primarily influence the probability of an individual

Correct Answer
verified

Tolman's research on rats learning mazes challenged operant conditioning principles by demonstrating that rats developed _____ when they learned a maze.

Correct Answer
verified

When a rat presses a lever, the mild electric shock on the cage floor is turned off. Which of the following procedures is being used?

Correct Answer
verified

The reappearance of an extinguished response is known as _____.

Correct Answer
verified
spontaneou...
View Answer

When advertisers pair their products with attractive people or enjoyable surroundings in the hope that the pairings will cause their products to evoke good feelings, they are using principles derived from

Correct Answer
verified

Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to

Correct Answer
verified

Typically, most people

Correct Answer
verified

Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as

Correct Answer
verified

Brenda has learned to take an over-the-counter medication 30 minutes before she eats a spicy meal. When she does this, she is able to prevent the heartburn and indigestion that she would experience otherwise. This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

Chimps are trained to perform a variety of tasks to get coins. The coins could then be traded in for banana chips that could be eaten. The coins served as a _____ reinforcer.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Studies of response-outcome relations and reinforcement have found that

Correct Answer
verified

When Lindsay was nine years old, the neighbor's Chihuahua bit her on the ankle. Today, Lindsay is still terrified of Chihuahuas, but she likes almost all other types of dogs. Lindsay's fear illustrates the classical conditioning process of

Correct Answer
verified

What are stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination? Why are they important?

Correct Answer
verified
In both classical and operant conditioni...
View Answer

Observational learning occurs when an organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others, who are called _____.

Correct Answer
verified

Learning to ride a bicycle is MOST likely acquired via the process of

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 6: Learning

The initial stage of learning a response is called ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Application of conditioning principles to change behavior problems is generally known as ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Skinner, a stimulus is a reinforcer if it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Albert Bandura, expectations concerning reinforcement primarily influence the probability of an individual ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tolman's research on rats learning mazes challenged operant conditioning principles by demonstrating that rats developed _____ when they learned a maze.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a rat presses a lever, the mild electric shock on the cage floor is turned off. Which of the following procedures is being used?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The reappearance of an extinguished response is known as _____.

Correct Answerverifiedspontaneou...View AnswerShow Answer

When advertisers pair their products with attractive people or enjoyable surroundings in the hope that the pairings will cause their products to evoke good feelings, they are using principles derived from ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Typically, most people

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Brenda has learned to take an over-the-counter medication 30 minutes before she eats a spicy meal. When she does this, she is able to prevent the heartburn and indigestion that she would experience otherwise. This is an example of ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chimps are trained to perform a variety of tasks to get coins. The coins could then be traded in for banana chips that could be eaten. The coins served as a _____ reinforcer.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies of response-outcome relations and reinforcement have found that ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Lindsay was nine years old, the neighbor's Chihuahua bit her on the ankle. Today, Lindsay is still terrified of Chihuahuas, but she likes almost all other types of dogs. Lindsay's fear illustrates the classical conditioning process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination? Why are they important?

Correct AnswerverifiedIn both classical and operant conditioni...View AnswerShow Answer

Observational learning occurs when an organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others, who are called _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learning to ride a bicycle is MOST likely acquired via the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The initial stage of learning a response is called

Correct Answer
verified

Application of conditioning principles to change behavior problems is generally known as

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

According to Albert Bandura, expectations concerning reinforcement primarily influence the probability of an individual

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
spontaneou...
View Answer

When advertisers pair their products with attractive people or enjoyable surroundings in the hope that the pairings will cause their products to evoke good feelings, they are using principles derived from

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as

Correct Answer
verified

Brenda has learned to take an over-the-counter medication 30 minutes before she eats a spicy meal. When she does this, she is able to prevent the heartburn and indigestion that she would experience otherwise. This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Studies of response-outcome relations and reinforcement have found that

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
In both classical and operant conditioni...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified