Question 1

The following questions refer to the phylogenetic tree shown in Figure 34.2.
  
Figure 34.2
-Whose DNA would have had the most sequence homologies with amphibian DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)   5
B)   6
C)   7
D)   8
E)   9F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 2

As hominins diverged from other primates, which of the following appeared first?

Accepted Answer

A)   reduced jawbones
B)   language
C)   bipedal locomotion
D)   the making of stone tools
E)   an enlarged brainF) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 3

The earliest known mineralized structures in vertebrates are associated with which function?

Accepted Answer

A)   reproduction
B)   feeding
C)   locomotion
D)   defense
E)   respirationF) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 4

Chordate pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned first as

Accepted Answer

A)   the digestive system's opening.
B)   suspension-feeding devices.
C)   components of the jaw.
D)   gill slits for respiration.
E)   portions of the inner ear.F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 5

The following questions refer to the description below.
While on an intersession course in tropical ecology, Kris pulls a large, snakelike organism from a burrow (the class was granted a collecting permit) . The 1-m-long organism has smooth skin, which appears to be segmented. It has two tiny eyes that are hard to see because they seem to be covered by skin. Kris brings it back to the lab at the field station, where it is a source of puzzlement to the class. Kris says that it is a giant oligochaete worm; Shaun suggests it is a legless amphibian; Kelly proposes it belongs to a snake species that is purely fossorial (lives in a burrow) .
-The adaptation of the body shape of snakes has resulted in one of their lungs becoming vestigial. Another adaptation (to a fossorial lifestyle) is snakes' absence of limbs. If the "mystery organism" has also become adapted to a fossorial lifestyle, though its ancestors moved about on the surface, then which structures should one expect to find upon dissecting the organism?
1) reduced or absent pelvic and/or pectoral girdles
2) metanephridia
3) hydrostatic skeleton

Accepted Answer

A)   1 only
B)   1 and 2
C)   1 and 3
D)   2 and 3
E)   1, 2, and 3F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 6

Which of the following statements is correct in regard to Homo erectus?

Accepted Answer

A)   Their fossils are not limited to Africa.
B)   On average, H. erectus had a smaller brain than H. habilis.
C)   H. erectus had a level of sexual dimorphism less than that of modern humans.
D)   H. erectus was not known to use tools.
E)   H. erectus evolved before H. habilis.F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 7

Lampreys differ from hagfishes in

Accepted Answer

A)   lacking jaws.
B)   having a cranium.
C)   having pharyngeal clefts that develop into pharyngeal slits.
D)   having a notochord throughout life.
E)   having a notochord that is surrounded by a tube of cartilage.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

If a ray-finned fish is to both hover (remain stationary) in the water column and ventilate its gills effectively, then what other structure besides its swim bladder will it use?

Accepted Answer

A)   its heart
B)   its pectoral fins
C)   its lateral line system
D)   its caudal (tail)  fin
E)   its operculaF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 9

There is evidence that ray-finned fishes evolved

Accepted Answer

A)   in response to a crisis that wiped out the chondrichthyans.
B)   directly from lampreys and hagfish.
C)   early in the Cambrian period.
D)   directly from lancelets.
E)   the swim bladder from a lung.F) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 10

Which of the following is characteristic of most extant reptiles and most extant mammals?

Accepted Answer

A)   ectothermy
B)   diaphragm
C)   shelled eggs
D)   keratinized skin
E)   conical teeth that are relatively uniform in sizeF) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 11

During chordate evolution, what is the sequence (from earliest to most recent) in which the following structures arose?
1) amniotic egg
2) paired fins
3) jaws
4) swim bladder
5) four-chambered heart

Accepted Answer

A)   2, 3, 4, 1, 5
B)   3, 2, 4, 1, 5
C)   3, 2, 1, 4, 5
D)   2, 1, 4, 3, 5
E)   2, 4, 3, 1, 5F) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 12

Which feature of some carinates has the same effect on weight as the presence of air sacs?

Accepted Answer

A)   presence of a large, heavily keratinized beak
B)   absence of a urinary bladder
C)   presence of a carina (keel) 
D)   number of chambers in the heart
E)   presence of large pectoral musclesF) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

Question 13

Which clade does not include humans?

Accepted Answer

A)   synapsids
B)   lobe-fins
C)   diapsids
D)   craniates
E)   osteichthyansF) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 14

The organisms represented by number 8 are

Accepted Answer

A)   birds.
B)   mammals.
C)   nonbird, terrestrial reptiles.
D)   aquatic reptiles.
E)   all mammals except humans.F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 15

In which vertebrates is fertilization exclusively internal?

Accepted Answer

A)   chondrichthyans, osteichthyans, and mammals
B)   amphibians, mammals, and reptiles
C)   chondrichthyans, osteichthyans, and reptiles
D)   reptiles and mammals
E)   reptiles and amphibiansF) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 16

Why is the discovery of the fossil Archaeopteryx significant? It supports the

Accepted Answer

A)   phylogenetic relatedness of birds and reptiles.
B)   contention that birds are much older than we originally thought.
C)   claim that some dinosaurs had feathers well before birds had evolved.
D)   idea that the first birds were ratites.
E)   hypothesis that the earliest birds were ectothermic.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

Which of these characteristics added most to vertebrate success in relatively dry environments?

Accepted Answer

A)   the shelled, amniotic egg
B)   the ability to maintain a constant body temperature
C)   two pairs of appendages
D)   bony scales
E)   a four-chambered heartF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

A trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapods was

Accepted Answer

A)   the appearance of jaws.
B)   the appearance of bony vertebrae.
C)   feet with digits.
D)   the mineralization of the endoskeleton.
E)   the amniotic egg.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 19

Which of these would a paleontologist be most likely to do in order to determine whether a fossil represents a reptile or a mammal?

Accepted Answer

A)   Look for the presence of milk-producing glands.
B)   Look for the mammalian characteristics of a four-chambered heart and a diaphragm.
C)   Because mammals are eutherians, look for evidence of a placenta.
D)   Use molecular analysis to look for the protein keratin.
E)   Examine the teeth.F) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 20

Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials

Accepted Answer

A)   lack nipples.
B)   have some embryonic development outside the uterus.
C)   lay eggs.
D)   are found in Australia and Africa.
E)   include only insectivores and herbivores.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Exam 34: The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Which of the following statements is correct in regard to Homo erectus?

Correct Answer
verified

As hominins diverged from other primates, which of the following appeared first?

Correct Answer
verified

The earliest known mineralized structures in vertebrates are associated with which function?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these characteristics added most to vertebrate success in relatively dry environments?

Correct Answer
verified

Why is the discovery of the fossil Archaeopteryx significant? It supports the

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is characteristic of most extant reptiles and most extant mammals?

Correct Answer
verified

Lampreys differ from hagfishes in

Correct Answer
verified

There is evidence that ray-finned fishes evolved

Correct Answer
verified

Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these would a paleontologist be most likely to do in order to determine whether a fossil represents a reptile or a mammal?

Correct Answer
verified

If a ray-finned fish is to both hover (remain stationary) in the water column and ventilate its gills effectively, then what other structure besides its swim bladder will it use?

Correct Answer
verified

During chordate evolution, what is the sequence (from earliest to most recent) in which the following structures arose? 1) amniotic egg 2) paired fins 3) jaws 4) swim bladder 5) four-chambered heart

Correct Answer
verified

Which feature of some carinates has the same effect on weight as the presence of air sacs?

Correct Answer
verified

The organisms represented by number 8 are

Correct Answer
verified

The following questions refer to the phylogenetic tree shown in Figure 34.2. Figure 34.2 -Whose DNA would have had the most sequence homologies with amphibian DNA?

Correct Answer
verified

In which vertebrates is fertilization exclusively internal?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which clade does not include humans?

Correct Answer
verified

A trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapods was

Correct Answer
verified

Chordate pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned first as

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 34: The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Which of the following statements is correct in regard to Homo erectus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As hominins diverged from other primates, which of the following appeared first?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The earliest known mineralized structures in vertebrates are associated with which function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these characteristics added most to vertebrate success in relatively dry environments?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is the discovery of the fossil Archaeopteryx significant? It supports the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is characteristic of most extant reptiles and most extant mammals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lampreys differ from hagfishes in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There is evidence that ray-finned fishes evolved

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these would a paleontologist be most likely to do in order to determine whether a fossil represents a reptile or a mammal?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a ray-finned fish is to both hover (remain stationary) in the water column and ventilate its gills effectively, then what other structure besides its swim bladder will it use?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During chordate evolution, what is the sequence (from earliest to most recent) in which the following structures arose? 1) amniotic egg 2) paired fins 3) jaws 4) swim bladder 5) four-chambered heart

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which feature of some carinates has the same effect on weight as the presence of air sacs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The organisms represented by number 8 are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The following questions refer to the phylogenetic tree shown in Figure 34.2. Figure 34.2 -Whose DNA would have had the most sequence homologies with amphibian DNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which vertebrates is fertilization exclusively internal?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which clade does not include humans?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapods was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chordate pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned first as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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